美国加州大学Jasechko,Scott、Perrone,Debra和瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院Seybold,Hansjorg合作，在探究地下水快速下降中取得了一定进展，并提供了一些全球含水层恢复的案例。2024年1月24日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究人员分析了各国170,000口监测井和1,693个含水层系统的原位地下水位趋势，这些国家约占全球地下水开采量的75%。研究表明，地下水位的快速下降(＞0.5 m year^-1)在21世纪普遍存在，特别是在拥有大片农田的干旱地区。至关重要的是，在过去的四十年中，全球30%的区域含水层的地下水位下降速度加快。

地下水位普遍加速加深，研究结果强调，迫切需要采取更有效的措施来解决地下水枯竭问题。研究结果还揭示了在政策变化、有管理的含水层补给和地表水改道后枯竭趋势发生逆转的具体情况，表明枯竭的含水层系统有恢复的潜力。

据了解，地下水资源对生态系统和生计至关重要。过度抽取地下水会导致地下水位下降，引起海水侵入、陆地下沉、径流枯竭和水井干涸。然而，局部地下水下降的全球速度和流行程度没有得到很好的控制，因为尚未在全球范围内对原位地下水位进行综合。

附：英文原文

Title: Rapid groundwater decline and some cases of recovery in aquifers globally

Author: Jasechko, Scott, Seybold, Hansjrg, Perrone, Debra, Fan, Ying, Shamsudduha, Mohammad, Taylor, Richard G., Fallatah, Othman, Kirchner, James W.

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-24

Abstract: Groundwater resources are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods. Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause groundwater levels to decline, resulting in seawater intrusion, land subsidence, streamflow depletion and wells running dry. However, the global pace and prevalence of local groundwater declines are poorly constrained, because in situ groundwater levels have not been synthesized at the global scale. Here we analyse in situ groundwater-level trends for 170,000 monitoring wells and 1,693 aquifer systems in countries that encompass approximately 75% of global groundwater withdrawals. We show that rapid groundwater-level declines (>0.5myear^-1) are widespread in the twenty-first century, especially in dry regions with extensive croplands. Critically, we also show that groundwater-level declines have accelerated over the past four decades in 30% of the world’s regional aquifers. This widespread acceleration in groundwater-level deepening highlights an urgent need for more effective measures to address groundwater depletion. Our analysis also reveals specific cases in which depletion trends have reversed following policy changes, managed aquifer recharge and surface-water diversions, demonstrating the potential for depleted aquifer systems to recover.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06879-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06879-8