法国索邦大学J. Mark Cock等研究人员合作揭示褐藻作为沿海生态系统关键组成部分的出现。这一研究成果于2024年11月20日在线发表在国际学术期刊《细胞》上。

据研究人员介绍，褐藻是沿海生态系统的关键物种，常常形成广泛的水下森林，并受到气候变化的重大威胁。

通过对多个基因组的分析，研究人员提供了从这一谱系的初始出现，到褐藻目类群的后期多样化，再到属水平的微演化事件的整个演化历史的见解。褐藻谱系的出现与新的同源基因家族的显著增益、蛋白质结构域重排的增强、水平基因转移事件的增加，以及新型信号分子和关键代谢途径的获取相关。后者特别涉及藻酸盐基外基质的生物合成、卤素和褐藻鞣酸的合成。

研究人员表明，褐藻基因组的多样化与表型的分化密切相关，包括生命周期策略和孢子鞭毛结构的变化。研究还表明，大型病毒基因组的整合在褐藻谱系的演化过程中对基因组内容产生了重大影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Evolutionary genomics of the emergence of brown algae as key components of coastal ecosystems

Author: France Denoeud, Olivier Godfroy, Corinne Cruaud, Svenja Heesch, Zofia Nehr, Nachida Tadrent, Arnaud Couloux, Loraine Brillet-Guéguen, Ludovic Delage, Dean Mckeown, Taizo Motomura, Duncan Sussfeld, Xiao Fan, Lisa Mazéas, Nicolas Terrapon, Josué Barrera-Redondo, Romy Petroll, Lauric Reynes, Seok-Wan Choi, Jihoon Jo, Kavitha Uthanumallian, Kenny Bogaert, Céline Duc, Pélagie Ratchinski, Agnieszka Lipinska, Benjamin Noel, Eleanor A. Murphy, Martin Lohr, Ananya Khatei, Pauline Hamon-Giraud, Christophe Vieira, Komlan Avia, Svea Sanja Akerfors, Shingo Akita, Yacine Badis, Tristan Barbeyron, Arnaud Belcour, Wahiba Berrabah, Samuel Blanquart, Ahlem Bouguerba-Collin, Trevor Bringloe, Rose Ann Cattolico, Alexandre Cormier, Helena Cruz de Carvalho, Romain Dallet, Olivier De Clerck, Ahmed Debit, Erwan Denis, Christophe Destombe, Erica Dinatale, Simon Dittami, Elodie Drula, Sylvain Faugeron, Jeanne Got, Louis Graf, Agnès Groisillier, Marie-Laure Guillemin, Lars Harms, William John Hatchett, Bernard Henrissat, Galice Hoarau, Chloé Jollivet, Alexander Jueterbock, Ehsan Kayal, Andrew H. Knoll, Kazuhiro Kogame, Arthur Le Bars, Catherine Leblanc, Line Le Gall, Ronja Ley

Issue&Volume: 2024-11-20

Abstract: Brown seaweeds are keystone species of coastal ecosystems, often forming extensive underwater forests, and are under considerable threat from climate change. In this study, analysis of multiple genomes has provided insights across the entire evolutionary history of this lineage, from initial emergence, through later diversification of the brown algal orders, down to microevolutionary events at the genus level. Emergence of the brown algal lineage was associated with a marked gain of new orthologous gene families, enhanced protein domain rearrangement, increased horizontal gene transfer events, and the acquisition of novel signaling molecules and key metabolic pathways, the latter notably related to biosynthesis of the alginate-based extracellular matrix, and halogen and phlorotannin biosynthesis. We show that brown algal genome diversification is tightly linked to phenotypic divergence, including changes in life cycle strategy and zoid flagellar structure. The study also showed that integration of large viral genomes has had a significant impact on brown algal genome content throughout the emergence of the lineage.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.049

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)01272-8