近日,美国加州理工学院的Nathan Benjamin及其研究团队,对热量子场论中的角分形进行了研究。相关研究成果已于2024年11月26日在国际知名学术期刊《高能物理杂志》上发表。
该研究团队发现,热有效场理论能够控制d维量子场论(QFT)配分函数的长距离展开,其中插入了任意有限阶的空间等距变换。因此,球面上的热配分函数作为角扭转的函数,展现出类似分形的结构,这与模形式在实数线附近的行为相似。
作为一个应用实例,研究人员发现对于共形场论(CFT),在高温下,偶自旋减去奇自旋算符的有效自由能比通常的自由能小1/2d倍。在某些特定有理角附近,热有效场理论中的“卡鲁扎-克莱因涡旋缺陷”对配分函数有次要贡献,研究人员对这些缺陷进行了分类。
研究人员通过自由理论和全息理论的例子来说明他们的结果,并讨论了来自世界线瞬子的非微扰修正。
附:英文原文
Title: Angular fractals in thermal QFT
Author: Benjamin, Nathan, Lee, Jaeha, Pal, Sridip, Simmons-Duffin, David, Xu, Yixin
Issue&Volume: 2024-11-26
Abstract: We show that thermal effective field theory controls the long-distance expansion of the partition function of a d-dimensional QFT, with an insertion of any finite-order spatial isometry. Consequently, the thermal partition function on a sphere displays a fractal-like structure as a function of angular twist, reminiscent of the behavior of a modular form near the real line. As an example application, we find that for CFTs, the effective free energy of even-spin minus odd-spin operators at high temperature is smaller than the usual free energy by a factor of 1/2d. Near certain rational angles, the partition function receives subleading contributions from “Kaluza-Klein vortex defects” in the thermal EFT, which we classify. We illustrate our results with examples in free and holographic theories, and also discuss nonperturbative corrections from worldline instantons.
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)134
Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP11(2024)134