美国西奈山伊坎医学院Jeremiah J. Faith团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究提出，肠道微生物菌株丰富度具有物种特异性并影响移植。相关研究成果精2024年11月27日在线发表于《自然》杂志上。

据介绍，尽管细菌菌株变异在肠道微生物群功能中起着重要作用，但对于几乎所有物种来说，一个物种能够稳定定殖的独特菌株的数量仍然未知。

研究人员使用数千个具有成对宏基因组的测序细菌分离物，来确定常见肠道物种的菌株丰富度（SR）。研究人员发现，SR因物种而异，可通过粪便微生物群移植转移，与土壤和湖泊环境相比，在肠道中的含量特别低。

对每种物种的超生理菌株数量进行积极的治疗性给药会增加受体SR，然后在停止给药后，受体SR会收敛到群体平均值。通过高或低SR对植入结果进行分层表明，SR预测粪便移植中的微生物添加或替代。

总之，这一研究表明，肠道生态系统的特性决定了每种物种在肠道定植的菌株数量，从而影响粪便微生物群移植，和确定的活体生物治疗产品中的菌株添加和替换。

附：英文原文

Title: Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment

Author: Chen-Liaw, Alice, Aggarwala, Varun, Mogno, Ilaria, Haifer, Craig, Li, Zhihua, Eggers, Joseph, Helmus, Drew, Hart, Amy, Wehkamp, Jan, Lamous-Smith, Esi S. N., Kerby, Robert L., Rey, Federico E., Colombel, Jean Frdric, Kamm, Michael A., Olle, Bernat, Norman, Jason M., Menon, Rajita, Watson, Andrea R., Crossett, Emily, Terveer, Elisabeth M., Keller, Josbert J., Borody, Thomas J., Grinspan, Ari, Paramsothy, Sudarshan, Kaakoush, Nadeem O., Dubinsky, Marla C., Faith, Jeremiah J.

Issue&Volume: 2024-11-27

Abstract: Despite the fundamental role of bacterial strain variation in gut microbiota function1,2,3,4,5,6, the number of unique strains of a species that can stably colonize the human intestine is still unknown for almost all species. Here we determine the strain richness (SR) of common gut species using thousands of sequenced bacterial isolates with paired metagenomes. We show that SR varies across species, is transferable by faecal microbiota transplantation, and is uniquely low in the gut compared with soil and lake environments. Active therapeutic administration of supraphysiologic numbers of strains per species increases recipient SR, which then converges back to the population average after dosing is ceased. Stratifying engraftment outcomes by high or low SR shows that SR predicts microbial addition or replacement in faecal transplants. Together, these results indicate that properties of the gut ecosystem govern the number of strains of each species colonizing the gut and thereby influence strain addition and replacement in faecal microbiota transplantation and defined live biotherapeutic products.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08242-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08242-x