英国国家海洋学中心Ayres, Holly C.课题组报道，2023年创历史新低的南极海冰增加了海洋热量损失和风暴。相关论文于2024年12月18日发表在《自然》杂志上。

据了解，最近南极海冰的减少令人担忧，特别是2023年的创纪录低点。确定冰损失的规律方面已取得进展，但其对海洋-大气相互作用的影响仍不确定。解决这种不确定性是很重要的，因为冰的减少可以大大改变表面的热损失，从而改变海洋和大气。

本文表明，2023年冬季最强的冰退缩区为大气提供了重要的冬季湍流海洋热损失新来源。这些地区（主要位于Weddell, Bellingshausen和Ross海）的冰浓度减少了80%，并伴随着冬季中期海洋热损失前所未有地翻了一番。从4月下旬到6月中旬，热损失高峰时间有相移现象，其中秋季热损失峰值弱于正常。

冬季表面热损失的加剧伴随着海洋-大气界面两侧的实质性变化。这包括大气风暴频率的增加和地表热损失驱动的致密水形成，尽管致密化对更广泛的过程（如南极底水形成）的影响尚不清楚。他们的研究结果表明，2023年南极海冰的减少大大改变了南大洋的海气相互作用，并将启发对更广泛的气候系统影响的深入分析。

附：英文原文

Title: Record-low Antarctic sea ice in 2023 increased ocean heat loss and storms

Author: Josey, Simon A., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Blaker, Adam T., Grist, Jeremy P., Mecking, Jenny, Ayres, Holly C.

Issue&Volume: 2024-12-18

Abstract: Recent Antarctic sea-ice decline is a substantial source of concern, notably the record low in 2023 (ref.1). Progress has been made towards establishing the causes of ice loss1,2,3,4,5 but uncertainty remains about its consequences for ocean–atmosphere interaction. Resolution of this uncertainty is important as ice decline can substantially alter surface heat loss and thus the ocean and atmosphere6. Here we show that the strongest winter 2023 ice-retraction regions provide an important new source of turbulent ocean heat loss to the atmosphere in wintertime. Ice concentration in these regions (located primarily in the Weddell, Bellingshausen and Ross seas) is reduced by up to 80% and is accompanied by an unprecedented doubling of mid-winter ocean heat loss. Also, there is a phase shift in the time of peak heat loss from late April to mid-June, with weaker than normal heat loss in austral autumn. The winter surface-heat-loss intensification is accompanied by substantial changes on both sides of the ocean–atmosphere interface. These include increases in atmospheric-storm frequency and surface-heat-loss-driven dense water formation, although the implications of the densification for broader processes such as Antarctic bottom water formation remain unclear. Our results reveal that the 2023 Antarctic sea-ice loss has substantially modified air–sea interaction in the Southern Ocean and motivate in-depth analysis of the wider climate-system impacts.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08368-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08368-y