近日，巴基斯坦工程与应用科学研究所的Muhammad Irfan及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们对真空感应原子光栅进行了研究。相关研究成果已于2024年12月23日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

本文研究了由辐射场真空态诱导的电磁原子光栅现象。研究人员利用与光学腔强耦合的冷原子系综，展示了穿过原子介质的探测场会产生零阶和一阶衍射峰，这一过程仅需少量光子，甚至仅需腔模的电磁真空场即可实现。随着腔内光子数的增加，一阶衍射峰的强度先增大后减小。

此外，研究人员观察到，无论是真空态还是单光子态，一阶衍射峰强度均在共振时达到最大值。然而，随着光子数的进一步增加，共振处的峰值转变为谷值，同时在非共振位置出现两个侧峰。这种从峰到谷的转变可能用于区分腔的量子态。

据悉，由电磁场真空诱导的原子-场相互作用，展现出多种基本现象和效应。

附：英文原文

Title: Vacuum-induced atomic grating

Author: Muhammad Shuraim¹, Muhammad Waseem^1,2, Shahid Qamar^1,2, and Muhammad Irfan^1,2,*

Issue&Volume: 2024-12-23

Abstract: Atom-field interactions, induced by the vacuum of the electromagnetic field, exhibit a variety of fundamental phenomena and effects. In this paper, we study the electromagnetically induced atomic grating due to the vacuum state of the radiation field. Using an ensemble of cold atoms, strongly coupled to an optical cavity, we show that a probe field, propagating through the atomic medium, diffracts to zeroth- and first-order diffraction peaks with few photons and even by the electromagnetic vacuum field of the cavity mode. As the number of photons in the cavity increases, the intensity of the first-order diffraction peak initially rises and then exhibits a decreasing trend. Furthermore, we observe that the first-order peak intensity reaches its maximum at resonance for both the vacuum and single-photon cavity state. However, as the number of photons increases further, this peak at resonance transforms into a dip, accompanied by two side peaks at off-resonance positions. This transition from a peak to a dip may potentially be used to distinguish the quantum state of the cavity.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.110.063717

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.110.063717