美国南加州大学Michael A. Bonaguidi等研究人员合作发现，人类成人神经发生丧失与癫痫进展过程中的认知下降相关。相关论文于2024年12月5日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞—干细胞》。

研究人员表示，内侧颞叶癫痫（MTLE）是一种综合征性疾病，表现为癫痫发作和认知共病。尽管癫痫发作的病因已逐渐被理解，但导致认知下降和癫痫进展的病理生理机制仍然较少被认识到。研究人员之前的研究表明，随着疾病持续时间的增加，MTLE患者的成人海马神经发生显著下降。

研究人员揭示了在癫痫进展过程中，多个认知领域何时开始受到影响，以及人类神经发生水平如何对此产生影响。研究人员发现，智力、语言学习和记忆在疾病持续20年的关键时期开始下降。

与啮齿动物不同，人体内未成熟神经元的数量与听觉语言学习和记忆呈正相关，而不是与视觉空间学习和记忆相关。此外，这种关联不适用于成熟的颗粒神经元。

该研究提供了成人神经发生如何与人类认知相关的细胞学证据，并标志了一个为MTLE患者及其他认知障碍患者推动再生医学的机会。

附：英文原文

Title: Human adult neurogenesis loss corresponds with cognitive decline during epilepsy progression

Author: Aswathy Ammothumkandy, Luis Corona, Kristine Ravina, Victoria Wolseley, Jeremy Nelson, Nadiya Atai, Aidin Abedi, Nora Jimenez, Michelle Armacost, Lina M. DOrazio, Virginia Zuverza-Chavarria, Alisha Cayce, Carol McCleary, George Nune, Laura Kalayjian, Darrin J. Lee, Brian Lee, Robert H. Chow, Christianne Heck, Jonathan J. Russin, Charles Y. Liu, Jason A.D. Smith, Michael A. Bonaguidi

Issue&Volume: 2024-12-05

Abstract: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a syndromic disorder presenting with seizures and cognitive comorbidities. Although seizure etiology is increasingly understood, the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cognitive decline and epilepsy progression remain less recognized. We have previously shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis dramatically declines in MTLE patients with increased disease duration. Here, we investigate when multiple cognitive domains become affected during epilepsy progression and how human neurogenesis levels contribute to it. We find that intelligence, verbal learning, and memory decline at a critical period of 20 years disease duration. In contrast to rodents, the number of human immature neurons positively associates with auditory verbal, rather than visuospatial, learning and memory. Moreover, this association does not apply to mature granule neurons. Our study provides cellular evidence of how adult neurogenesis corresponds with human cognition and signifies an opportunity to advance regenerative medicine for patients with MTLE and other cognitive disorders.

DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.11.002

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/abstract/S1934-5909(24)00401-6