中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所Xiaoling ZHANG研究组的最新研究，报道了青藏高原偏远的高海拔地区薄刀片适应的最早证据。该研究于2024年4月16日发表于国际一流学术期刊《中国科学：地球科学》杂志上。

该研究团队报道了一个最近发掘的遗址——Nwya Devu遗址(ND3)的地点3，位于青藏高原内部，海拔4600米(masl)以上并靠近Ngoin湖岸。研究分析揭示了一个相当典型的薄刀片技术取向和两种类型的薄刀片芯——楔形和半锥形，这与华北地区发掘的薄刀片相似。

利用光激发发光(OSL)测年和AMS¹⁴C测年方法，测定ND3的年龄在11-10ka之间。这一日期范围表明，ND3是迄今为止在青藏高原偏远高海拔地区记录的最古老的薄刀片遗址，它们提供了关于使用薄刀片的狩猎采集者，何时以及如何开始开发青藏高原高海拔地区的重要信息。

综上所述，ND3和整个青藏高原的研究表明，薄刀片适应与人类对高原的首次长期占领有关，薄刀片在调节风险和促进永久居住在青藏高原所需的流动性方面发挥了重要作用。

据悉，薄刀片组合是在青藏高原（TP）发现的最常见的史前考古材料之一，该材料代表了青藏高原的大规模迁移和定居。然而，很少有薄刀片遗址被系统地挖掘出来，特别是在青藏高原最偏远、海拔最高的地区。因此，人们大规模到达、迁移和永久定居的时间仍然存在争议。

附：英文原文

Title: The earliest evidence for a microblade adaptation in the remote, high altitude regions of the Tibetan Plateau

Author: Yingshuai JIN, Xiaoling ZHANG, Shejiang WANG, Junyi GE, Wei HE, Wa DA, Yunyao TAN, Ziyi YANG, Christopher MORGAN, Xing GAO

Issue&Volume: 2024/04/16

Abstract: Microblade assemblages are among the most common prehistoric archaeological materials found on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and are thought to indicate large scale migration to and settlement of the TP. Few microblade sites, however, have been systematically excavated, especially in the remotest, highest-elevation regions of the TP. The timing of the large-scale arrival, spread, and permanent settlement of people on the TP therefore remains controversial. In this paper, we report on a recently excavated site, Locality 3 of the Nwya Devu Site (ND3), located at 4600 meters above sea level (masl), near the shore of Ngoin Lake, on the interior TP. Our analyses reveal a fairly typical microblade technological orientation and two types of microblade cores: wedge-shaped and semi-conical, which are similar to those found throughout North China. Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and AMS ¹⁴C dating, the age of ND3 ranges from 11 to 10ka. This date range indicates ND3 is the oldest microblade site yet recorded in the remote, high-elevation regions of the TP and thus provides important information about when and how hunter-gatherers using microblades began exploiting the higher altitudes of the TP. Taken together, studies at ND3 and throughout the TP suggest that a microblade adaptation is associated with the first prolonged human occupation of the plateau and that microblades played a significant role in mediating the risks and facilitating the mobility necessary to permanently inhabit the TP.

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1317-3

Source: https://www.sciengine.com/10.1007/s11430-023-1317-3