近日，日本东京大学的Michiko S. Fujii及其 研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们通过模拟预测球状星团中中等质量黑洞的形成过程。相关研究成果已于2024年5月30日在国际权威学术期刊《科学》上发表。

该研究团队通过逐星模拟的方式，深入研究了球状星团（GCs）的形成过程。他们发现，在GC的母巨星分子云中，高密度恒星的形成能够导致足够数量的大质量恒星合并，从而克服质量阈值。根据这项研究的结论，GCs在拥有质量约为10³M的中间质量黑洞（IMBHs）时便能形成，这些黑洞的质量足够大，即使在预期的引力波反冲作用下，也能被留存在球状星团中。

据悉，中等质量黑洞(IMBHs)是指质量在100到10⁵太阳质量之间的黑洞; 它们的形成过程存在争议。一个可能的起源是质量较小的黑洞通过与球状星团(GCs)内的恒星和致密物体天体而增长。然而，先前的模拟显示，这一过程仅在引力波反冲将它们从球状星系中喷射出来之前，产生了质量小于500 M的中等质量黑洞。

附：英文原文

Title: Simulations predict intermediate-mass black hole formation in globular clusters

Author: Michiko S. Fujii, Long Wang, Ataru Tanikawa, Yutaka Hirai, Takayuki R. Saitoh

Issue&Volume: 2024-05-30

Abstract: Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are those between 100 and 10⁵ solar masses (M_?); their formation process is debated. One potential origin is the growth of less massive black holes, by merging with stars and compact objects within globular clusters (GCs). However, previous simulations have indicated that this process only produces IMBHs <500 M_?, before gravitational wave recoil ejects them from the GC. We perform star-by-star simulations of GC formation, finding that high-density star formation in a GC's parent giant molecular cloud can produce sufficient mergers of massive stars to overcome that mass threshold. We conclude that GCs can form with IMBHs ?10³M_?, which is sufficiently massive to be retained within the GC even with the expected gravitational wave recoil.

DOI: 10.1126/science.adi421

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi4211