近日，美国布朗大学的J. I. A. Li及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们对分数量子霍尔效应中的激子进行研究。相关研究成果已于2025年1月8日在国际权威学术期刊《自然》上发表。

本文报道了在分数量子霍尔效应态中观测到激子配对的输运特征。通过探究这些激子的组成及其对底层波函数的影响，研究人员发现了两种新的物质量子相。其中一种可以被视为总填充因子为1时的激子凝聚体的分数量子对应物，而另一种则涉及一种更不寻常的激子，它遵循非玻色子的量子统计规律，这对传统的玻色子激子模型提出了挑战。

据悉，激子是由电子和空穴通过库仑相互作用形成的束缚态，通常由整数电荷组成。然而，在受电荷分数量子化影响的双层系统中，可以出现一种更有趣的层间激子形式，其中配对发生在携带分数电荷的成分之间。尽管对这些分数激子有众多理论预测，但它们的实验观测尚未实现。

附：英文原文

Title: Excitons in the fractional quantum Hall effect

Author: Zhang, Naiyuan J., Nguyen, Ron Q., Batra, Navketan, Liu, Xiaoxue, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Feldman, D. E., Li, J. I. A.

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-08

Abstract: Excitons, Coulomb-driven bound states of electrons and holes, are typically composed of integer charges. However, in bilayer systems influenced by charge fractionalization, a more interesting form of interlayer exciton can emerge, in which pairing occurs between constituents that carry fractional charges. Despite numerous theoretical predictions for these fractional excitons, their experimental observation has remained unexplored. Here we report transport signatures of excitonic pairing in fractional quantum Hall effect states. By probing the composition of these excitons and their impact on the underlying wavefunction, we discover two new types of quantum phases of matter. One of these can be viewed as the fractional counterpart of the exciton condensate at a total filling of 1, whereas the other involves a more unusual type of exciton that obeys non-bosonic quantum statistics, challenging the standard model of bosonic excitons.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08274-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08274-3