近日，美国莱斯大学的Zhiyuan Wang&Kaden R. A. Hazzard及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们发现费米子和玻色子之外的粒子交换统计类型。相关研究成果已于2025年1月8日在国际权威学术期刊《自然》上发表。

该研究团队证明，物理系统中可以存在不同于费米子和玻色子的非平凡仲统计粒子。这些新型的全同粒子遵循广义排他原理，导致它们具有不同于任何自由费米子和玻色子系统的奇异自由粒子热力学性质。研究人员通过发展仲粒子的二次量化理论来构建他们的理论，该理论自然地包含了可精确求解的非相互作用理论，并融入了如局域性等物理约束。

接着，研究人员在一维和二维空间中构建了一系列可精确求解的量子自旋模型，其中自由仲粒子作为准粒子激发出现，其交换统计性质可以通过物理观测得到，并且显著区别于费米子和玻色子。这证明了凝聚态系统中存在新型准粒子的可能性，并且更具推测性地，也暗示了可能存在尚未被考虑的基本粒子类型。

据悉，人们普遍认为，在量子力学中，除了二维空间中的任意子外，只存在两种粒子交换统计类型：费米子和玻色子。原则上，还存在另一种例外情况，即仲统计（parastatistics），它超越了二维空间的限制，尽管曾被考虑过，但人们认为其在物理上与费米子和玻色子是等价的。

附：英文原文

Title: Particle exchange statistics beyond fermions and bosons

Author: Wang, Zhiyuan, Hazzard, Kaden R. A.

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-08

Abstract: It is commonly believed that there are only two types of particle exchange statistics in quantum mechanics, fermions and bosons, with the exception of anyons in two dimensions. In principle, a second exception known as parastatistics, which extends outside two dimensions, has been considered but was believed to be physically equivalent to fermions and bosons. Here we show that non-trivial parastatistics inequivalent to either fermions or bosons can exist in physical systems. These new types of identical particle obey generalized exclusion principles, leading to exotic free-particle thermodynamics distinct from any system of free fermions and bosons. We formulate our theory by developing a second quantization of paraparticles that naturally includes exactly solvable non-interacting theories and incorporates physical constraints such as locality. We then construct a family of exactly solvable quantum spin models in one and two dimensions, in which free paraparticles emerge as quasiparticle excitations, and their exchange statistics can be physically observed and are notably distinct from fermions and bosons. This demonstrates the possibility of a new type of quasiparticle in condensed matter systems and—more speculatively—the potential for previously unconsidered types of elementary particle.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08262-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08262-7