锟斤拷锟届不锟斤拷食 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷斯斯坦锟斤拷野锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥猴拷色锟斤拷
图片锟结供锟斤拷Marco Archetti锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟�
每锟斤拷锟斤季锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵碉拷锟斤拷叶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿裁达拷兀锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟揭恢憋拷诳锟斤拷思锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷转锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞裁达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟街э拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷郏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴拷芄锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷锟揭段筹拷锟斤拷诖税锟斤拷业暮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥。
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟窖癸拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷William Hamilton锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭恢憋拷锟斤拷诰薮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔★拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷叶锟叫的猴拷色锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟揭筹拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷——锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥：锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞筹拷没锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷Marco Archetti指锟斤拷锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟街撅拷锟斤拷锟脚号ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷色一锟斤拷锟斤拷”然锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷学锟斤拷却锟斤拷锟脚ｏ拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叶锟斤拷锟斤拷太锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷撕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷系谋浠拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷诤锟斤拷锟斤拷锛撅拷械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷撕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟叫★拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟解到锟斤拷锟皆帮拷械锟狡伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺ｏ拷野锟斤拷苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较的猴拷叶锟接革拷为锟秸遍，Archetti锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞硷拷锟斤拷碌锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟狡伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牵锟揭恢憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冢锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿顾固癸拷凸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿固癸拷锟斤拷诘锟揭帮拷锟狡伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺伙拷艹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸rchetti锟斤拷示锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锛救ワ拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷遥锟斤拷锟结看锟斤拷一锟矫匡拷锟绞猴拷锟斤拷锟侥�——锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷欧锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟皆匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”Archetti锟狡测，锟斤拷锟斤拷驯锟斤拷锟斤拷苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖撅拷丧失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤季锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷色”锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷农一直锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟斤拷蟆⒏锟斤拷贸缘锟斤拷锟侥撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷咏锟斤拷锟饺达拷锟斤拷锟窖★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥害锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接斤拷锟斤拷
Archetti锟斤拷野锟斤拷苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆帮拷械墓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷吮冉希锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷62.2%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷野锟斤拷苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叶锟斤拷锟斤季锟斤拷锟届，锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟斤拷植锟斤拷英锟斤拷苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫斤拷为2.8%锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷证锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟借，锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷叶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷榉筹拷锟紸rchetti锟斤拷2007锟斤拷锟斤季锟街憋拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷叶苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叶苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖★拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷60%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叶苹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较帮拷锟揭碉拷锟斤拷锟芥都锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街拷拢锟斤拷诤锟斤拷锟揭镀伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷习锟斤拷业锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷29%锟揭存。Archetti锟斤拷4锟斤拷15锟秸筹拷锟斤拷锟接拷锟斤拷锟斤拷始锟窖э拷锟窖э拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷Proceedings of the Royal Society B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟叫撅拷锟缴癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿达拷锟斤拷澹拷锟紸rchetti锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷裕锟斤拷锟缴拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷呛锟斤拷锟斤拷卸锟斤拷幕锟窖э拷锟斤拷剩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫拷锟斤拷烁锟斤拷俚锟斤拷锟斤拷帧锟�
英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷约锟斤拷·摩锟斤拷斯锟斤拷学锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷学锟斤拷David Wilkinson锟斤拷Archetti锟斤拷锟叫撅拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷预锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解场锟叫癸拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟斤拷趣锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟铰碉拷锟叫撅拷锟缴癸拷锟狡猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸斤拷锟解场锟斤拷锟桔★拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖э拷锟街诧拷锟斤拷糯锟窖э拷锟紸ndrew Flavell锟斤拷示锟斤拷“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷却锟斤拷要‘锟劫加碉拷锟斤拷锟�’锟斤拷”锟斤拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷叶锟侥硷拷锟劫匡拷锟杰伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷Flavell说锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界，叶锟接碉拷锟斤拷色锟斤拷锟绞碉拷锟轿讹拷锟街拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锌锟斤拷艽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷糯锟斤拷锟较碉拷锟� 锟斤拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷EurekAlert! 锟斤拷锟侥版）
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞硷拷学锟斤拷学锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷
Proceedings of the Royal Society B锟斤拷锟斤拷doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0355 锟斤拷Marco Archetti锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷英锟侥ｏ拷
锟斤拷锟绞硷拷学锟斤拷学锟斤拷B锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摘要
